Introduction to Self Assessment
Self Assessment involves completing an online or paper tax return in order to tell HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) about your income and capital gains (profits on the sale of certain assets), or to claim tax allowances or reliefs against your tax bill. HMRC uses the figures on the tax return to work out your tax bill, or you can work it out yourself.
There are different types of tax return and different 'supplementary pages' you may need to complete depending on your circumstances. There are also deadlines for sending your tax return in - and penalties and interest charges if it arrives late.
You can file most tax returns online - the section 'Benefits of filing online' explains the advantages of this method.
If you pay tax on your earnings or pensions through PAYE (Pay As You Earn) your employer or pension provider deducts tax on behalf of HMRC and you won't usually need to complete a tax return. In these cases HMRC normally asks them to use the PAYE system to deduct any tax you may owe on a State Pension or other taxable income (eg investment or rental income) up to a certain level.
But if you have more complicated tax affairs you may need to complete a tax return. There are also certain circumstances in which you will always need to complete a tax return - for example if you're self-employed, a company director or a trustee or if you have foreign income.
Follow the link below to read the full detail on who needs to complete a tax return and to find out more about the different types of tax return.
Self Assessment tax returns are normally sent out in April each year (or a notice to fill in a tax return if you file online). If you've not received a return but think you should complete one contact your Tax Office. Your employer or pension provider will have details of this, or you can search online.
You can ask to complete a tax return at any time - for example, if you want to claim a particular tax relief or exemption. HMRC will send you a return if necessary. (You can't send a Self Assessment return without first contacting HMRC).
If you are newly self-employed, HMRC has detailed information available 'Tax returns if you're self-employed or in a partnership' tells you how to register as self-employed - you'll then be sent a Self Assessment tax return if necessary.
Filing online has many advantages - for example the software will automatically calculate any tax payable. You'll also have three months longer to file the return than if you use a paper form - you'll have until 31 January following the end of the tax year instead of the previous 31 October.
For more information about tax returns for specific groups follow the links below.
Provided by HM Revenue and Customs